For the duration of the Pacific war, Stephen Potter was attached to Destroyer Squadron 52 and operated in Destroyer Division 103 with four other Bethlehem destroyers delivered between August and November 1943: Miller (DD 535), Owen (DD 536, flagship), The Sullivans (DD 537) and Tingey (DD 539). Attached to Task Force 58, they sortied on 16 January 1944 to launch air strikes against the Marshall Islands. Strikes began on the 29th in preparation for the amphibious assault which began on the 31st.

Stephen Potter was in the screen of the fast carriers when they made the first strike against Truk on 17 and 18 February. Intrepid (CV 11) was damaged on the 17th by an aircraft torpedo, and the DD escorted the carrier back to the Marshalls. Stephen Potter departed there on 27 February, called at Pearl Harbor, and sailed to the West Coast. She arrived on 13 March and, five days later, began the voyage back to Majuro where she rejoined the fast carriers.

Stephen Potter screened the carriers as they launched strikes on 21 and 22 April supporting the assault on Hollandia, New Guinea. At the end of the month, they returned again to bomb Truk. Stephen Potter, Monterey (CVL 26) and Macdonough were steaming south of Truk on 30 April when Macdonough made a radar contact on a submarine which soon disappeared as the enemy submerged. Sonar contact was made, and Macdonough made two depth charge attacks. Stephen Potter came to assist with an attack, and a plane from Monterey gave its support. Several deep explosions were heard, and much oil and debris came to the surface as I-174 died.

On 1 May, the destroyer participated in the bombardment of Ponape Island in the Carolines. The task force refueled and rearmed at Majuro and, on 19 and 20 May, attacked Marcus Island before bombing Wake on the 23d. The ships returned to Eniwetok for refit in preparation for the Mariana Islands campaign.

Task Group 58.2 sortied on 6 June and, a week later, began strikes against Saipan. On 17 June, the task force moved into the Philippine Sea to block a strong Japanese fleet which threatened the American conquest of Saipan. The Battle of the Philippine Sea, commonly referred to as the “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” began on 19 June and lasted for two days. During the battle, Stephen Potter rescued seven downed pilots. After a five-day refit period at Eniwetok, the ships attacked targets in the Bonin, Palau, and Caroline islands during July before returning to the Marshalls for replenishment.

On 30 July, Stephen Potter joined TG 58.4 which, from 31 July to 8 August, provided air support for United States troops fighting on Guam. The destroyer steamed from Eniwetok on 30 August, rendezvoused with TG 38.2 on 3 September, and screened the fast carriers as their aircraft pounded the Philippines from 9 to 25 September. Strikes were launched against Mindanao, Luzon, Cebu, Leyte, Anguar, and Manila Bay. The task group was at Ulithi from 1 to 6 October when it again got underway.

Stephen Potter screened Admiral Bogan’s carriers as they launched strikes against Okinawa on 10 October and against Formosa on the 12th, 13th, and 14th. On 13 October, Canberra (CA 70) was torpedoed below her armor belt and lost all power. She was taken in tow by Wichita (CA 45), and Stephen Potter was assigned as one of their escorts. The next day, Houston (CL 81), hit by a torpedo in the engine room, was taken in tow by Boston (CA-69) and joined the retiring Canberra group, now designated Task Unit (TU) 30.3.1. Munsee (AT 107) relieved Wichita of towing Canberra on the 15th, and Pawnee (AT 74) relieved Boston of her duties on the 16th. Houston was torpedoed again on the 16th, and all unnecessary men were removed. Stephen Potter took 83 on board. She detached to return to TG 38.2 on the 20th, which was en route to the Philippines to support Allied landings on Leyte which began that day. Air strikes were flown against Luzon on 22 October, and the carriers retired toward Manus the next day.

On 1 November, Stephen Potter proceeded to Ulithi, via Saipan, where she rendezvoused with the fast carriers and escorted them to the Philippines. Air strikes were flown against the Visayas area, Manila, and Luzon from 11 to 25 November when the force retired.

The task group had a short rest at Ulithi and, on 11 December, moved to the operating area east of Luzon to support the landings at Mindoro. Beginning on the 14th, the carriers launched strikes against Luzon for three consecutive days and, after refueling, returned to Ulithi on the 24th.

Stephen Potter was underway again on 30 December 1944 to join TG 38.2 en route to a launching point for attacks against Formosa. Air strikes were launched against Formosa and Okinawa for two days and, after moving southeast, against Luzon on 6 and 7 January 1945.

Stephen Potter entered the South China Sea on 9 January with the carriers which launched air strikes against Saigon and Camranh Bay, Indochina, on the 12th and Formosa on the 15th. Strikes were made against Hainan and Hong Kong on 16 January, after which American planes made a photographic reconnaissance of Okinawa before retiring to Ulithi. The destroyer sortied with TG 58.2 on 10 February and participated in the carrier strikes against the Tokyo area on, 16 and 17 February. From 19 through 22 February, strikes were launched against Iwo Jima to support the landing there. Two days later, the carriers sailed towards Japan and, on the 25th, launched air strikes against targets in the Tokyo Bay area before returning to Ulithi on 1 March.

The task group was at sea again on 14 March and, four days later, launched attacks against airfields on Kyushu and against Japanese shipping at Kobe and Kure. The strikes continued the next day. The destroyer rescued a downed pilot on the 18th and saved another on the 19th. The task group was under enemy air attack both days. As the forces withdrew, they were under constant air attack. Franklin (CV-13) was hit on the 19th and Enterprise (CV-6) on the next day. Stephen Potter was in the screen that escorted the carriers back to Ulithi.

The destroyer was at sea again in 5 April with TG 58.2, in an area east of Okinawa. Strikes were flown against that island stronghold until 13 May when air raids were launched against Kyushu. On 11 May, she picked up 107 survivors from Bunker Hill (CV 17) which had been hit by a kamikaze. Strikes were launched against Okinawa again from 22 to 28 May, and the group then sailed for Leyte. Stephen Potter then sailed for the United States, via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor, arriving at San Francisco on 9 July. She underwent overhaul at the Mare Island Navy Yard until 31 August.

The war was over, and the destroyer was destined to be placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. After preparations were completed for placing her in “moth balls,” Stephen Potter was placed out of commission, in reserve, on 21 September 1945 and berthed at Long Beach.

On 29 March 1951, Stephen Potter was placed back in commission and, after a brief shakedown cruise, sailed on 23 June for the east coast of the United States and duty with the Atlantic Fleet. She arrived at Newport on 11 July and operated with the Atlantic Fleet until 1 April 1953 when she again sailed to the Pacific. Stephen Potter joined the United Nations fleet off the east coast of Korea and operated there until the cessation of hostilities.

After returning to the United States, the destroyer entered the Boston Naval Shipyard and had extensive repairs and alterations performed. On 28 March 1954, she sailed for Guantánamo and refresher training. On 5 January 1955, she sailed for western Europe and made good will visits to Belgium, Germany, and Norway before arriving back in Newport on 26 May 1955. In April 1956, Stephen Potter was in Long Beach and, on 14 July, operated with Destroyer Squadron 23, out of Kobe, Japan, before returning to the United States in November 1956.

In June 1958, Stephen Potter was again placed out of commission, in reserve, and berthed at Mare Island, Calif. She remained there until 1 December 1972 when she was struck from the Navy list.